Report: Jew-hatred ‘far higher’ in Italy in 2023 than prior year – JNS.org

| February 13, 2024

Report: Jew-hatred 'far higher' in Italy in 2023 than prior year   JNS.org

Australia, Italy and others halt funding to U.N. agency over claim staff involved in Hamas attack on Israel – CBS News

| January 28, 2024

Australia, Italy and others halt funding to U.N. agency over claim staff involved in Hamas attack on Israel   CBS News

Judaism – Rabbinic, Ashkenazic, Sephardic | Britannica

| January 13, 2024

The two major branches Despite the fundamental uniformity of medieval Jewish culture, distinctive Jewish subcultures were shaped by the cultural and political divisions within the Mediterranean basin, in which Arabic Muslim and Latin Christian civilizations coexisted as discrete and self-contained societies. Two major branches of rabbinic civilization developed in Europe: the Ashkenazic, or Franco-German, and the Sephardic, or Andalusian-Spanish. Distinguished most conspicuously by their varying pronunciation of Hebrew, the numerous differences between them in religious orientation and practice derived, in the first instance, from the geographical fountainheads of their culturethe Ashkenazim (plural of Ashkenazi) tracing their cultural filiation to Italy and Palestine and the Sephardim (plural of Sephardi) to Babyloniaand from the influences of their respective immediate milieus

The Rise of the Sepharadim – Chabad.org

| January 8, 2024

Spain became the center of the Sephardic world, influencing communities in North Africa, Eretz Israel,Babylonia, and the Middle East, while Germany, Northern France, and Italy were the bastions of the Ashkenazim. Due to its location, Southern France, or Provence, was the crossroads of the two schools of thought, although Provence tended to ...

The Displeased Letter From a Jew in Italy – COLlive

| December 28, 2023

The Displeased Letter From a Jew in Italy   COLlive



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