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Revisionists.com — What is revisionism?

Posted By on May 13, 2015

Revisionism Pronunciation: ri-'vi-zh&-"ni-z&m Noun: 1: advocacy of revision; revisal Holocaust Revisionism: Pronunciation: 'hO-l&-"kost, ri-'vi-zh&-"ni-z&m Noun: 1: The act of revising World War Two history in accordance with the real facts

What Holocaust Revisionism is and is not:

Revisionists object to the terminology, "THE Holocaust," which by implication suggests it was unique, monumental, over-arching, perhaps even the central historical event of our century if not epoch. In fact there have been many holocausts over the centuries, a good portion of them in our own Twentieth century. The Jewish Holocaust is merely one of them, and not even one of the more vicious ones.

From the point of view of the world as a whole it is far from the greatest or most terrible, Hollywood to the contrary notwithstanding. A marked improvement in both accuracy and objectivity can be achieved if the term "Jewish Holocaust" is substituted for the term "THE Holocaust."

Having stated the previous, it is therefore obvious that Revisionists do not "deny" the Jewish Holocaust as their critics claim. (Though of course it is understandable why those critics assert this; if, in a debate about the shape of the earth, you can successfully pin on someone the label "flat-earther," you've scored big points even if what they say is very far from the absurdity of such a posture.)

Revisionists are, in fact, Holocaust DIMINISHERS, not deniers. They are questioners about what they believe are significant exaggerations in the Holocaust tale, and they are critics of the view that somehow this historical event is beyond discussion on pain of being placed in the category of child-molester or worse, shunned by society, even fined and imprisoned by some so-called free countries in the western world.

Were their any Jewish Victims in WWII?

Revisionists do not deny that there was much Jewish suffering during WW II, that there were many Jews who had property confiscated wrongfully, that many Jews died of disease or starvation in terrible conditions or were killed, that there were terrible brutalities and atrocities committed against Jews by Germans and others. None of this do Revisionists deny. Revisionists do diminish the impact of these facts by pointing out that WWII was the bloodiest, deadliest, most atrocity-ridden conflict in the history of man and that there was criminal behavior on all sides. One need merely mention Dresden, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, the deadly carpet bombing of German and Japanese working class living areas, the Soviet rape of Germany in their 1945 advance, the treatment of German civilians and German POW's after the war. One could go on almost ad infinitum in this recitation of atrocities. Fifty million - some say sixty million - died as a result of the war.

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Celebrating Jewish American Heritage Month

Posted By on May 12, 2015

The Jewish Museum of Florida-FIU is presenting two events this month in commemoration of Jewish American Heritage Month (JAHM).

JAHM is a national commemoration of the contributions American Jews have made to the fabric of the nation's history, culture and society. It was initiated by the Jewish Museum of Florida with the effort led by Congresswoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz and enacted by the 109th Congress. Former President George W. Bush signed a resolution in 2006 that each May would be JAHM.

The two events taking place at the museum, 301 Washington Ave. in Miami Beach, include a lecture, "American Jews in the Fashion Industry," presented by Keni Valenti, founder , director and head curator of the Museum of Fashion in Miami, on May 17 at 2 p.m. and a special edit-a-thon hosted by Wasserman Schultz on May 31 from 10 a.m.-2 p.m. Both events are free and open to the public. The museum's partnering co-sponsors for both events are the Jewish Community Relations Council of the Greater Miami Jewish Federation and Jewish Federation of Broward County's Community Relations Committee.

During his lecture, Valenti will give an overview of the history regarding American Jews in the fashion industry, starting with the Jewish pioneers in the garment business such as Levi Strauss to many of the other well-known names in the industry including Ralph Lauren, Anne Klein Diane von Furstenberg, Donna Karan, Kenneth Cole, Michael Kors and more. He hopes that the guests can learn the importance of American Jews' contributions to the fashion industry.

"There are so many Jewish people involved in [fashion] manufacturing all over the United States. Every big city in the United States has had a garment center that has been basically run and operated by Jewish people," Valenti noted. "We also had Mr. [Isaac Merritt] Singer's sewing machine that enabled everyone to start manufacturing companies. Jews had the foresight to see this [fashion industry] as a profitable business which is incredible."

During the May 17 event, the museum will also celebrate the 95th birthday of Miami Beach's children's clothing designer, Sylvia Whyte, who at the close of World War II, opened an exclusive retail shop on Lincoln Road that was an instant success. Whyte began manufacturing high-end infant wear and clothes for girls up to preteens in 1962 and her namesake label was sold at stores all over the country, including Saks Fifth Avenue, Neiman Marcus, Nordstrom and Macy's.

"She had quite an amazing career and designed children's clothing that many famous politicians and movie stars purchased for their children so we're very excited to be able to highlight her on her 95th birthday as well as "American Jews in the Fashion Industry," said Jo Ann Arnowitz, the museum's executive director and chief curator.

The goal of the May 31 edit-a-thon hosted by Wasserman Schultz is to edit and create Wikipedia pages about American Jews. Using the information and objects in the museum's collection, participants will upload details that will correct and enhance as many Wikipedia pages as possible. Students and scholars are encouraged to attend as basic editing training will be provided. Participants are required to bring their own laptops or tablets. Refreshments will be provided.

"We think we have a lot of important stories here and we want to make sure that the proper information gets out to the world through our efforts," Arnowitz said.

Wasserman Schultz noted that the museum has worked tirelessly over the years to collect and preserve information on Florida's Jewish experience, mainly from family members and local archives.

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Celebrating Jewish American Heritage Month

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum – Official Site

Posted By on May 12, 2015

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Newly named in recognition of a $20 million gift from the Samerian Foundation, the Museums Simon-Skjodt Center is working to make genocide prevention a global priority.

During the spring of 1945, Allied forces liberated concentration camps throughout Nazi-occupied Europe, bringing to light the full extent of the Holocaust. Explore Museum collections and hear from those who first encountered the camps.

The Museum is greatly concerned about the alarming worldwide rise in antisemitism. This unique hatred has manifested itself in societies around the globe and presents a serious danger to Jews and others as well.

The destruction of the Armenians cast a long shadow into theHolocaust. View photos, artifacts, and eyewitness testimonies about what is sometimes called the first genocide of the 20th century.

Our collection of Holocaust-related materials is among the most comprehensive in the world. View photos, film, artifacts, oral histories, and more.

Listen to this program produced by the Museum and airing on public radio stations nationwide.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum - Official Site

The Holocaust – Comprehensive Resources About the Holocaust

Posted By on May 12, 2015

Whether you are just beginning to learn about the Holocaust or you are looking for more in-depth stories about the subject, this page is for you. The beginner will find a glossary, a timeline, a list of the camps, a map, and much more. Those more knowledgeable about the topic will find interesting stories about spies in the SS, detailed overviews of some of the camps, a history of the yellow badge, medical experimentation, and much more. Please read, learn, and remember.

This is the perfect place for the beginner to start learning about the Holocaust. Learn what the term "Holocaust" means, who the perpetrators were, who the victims were, what happened in the camps, what is meant by "Final Solution," and so much more.

Although the term "concentration camps" is often used to describe all Nazi camps, there were actually a number of different kinds of camps, including transit camps, forced-labor camps, and death camps. In some of these camps there was at least a small chance to survive; while in others, there was no chance at all. When and where were these camps built? How many people were murdered in each one?

Pushed out of their homes, Jews were then forced to move into tiny, overcrowded quarters in a small section of the city. These areas, cordoned off by walls and barbed wire, were known as ghettos. Learn what life was really like in the ghettos, where each person was always awaiting the dreaded call for "resettlement."

The Nazis targeted Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Communists, twins, and the disabled. Some of these people tried to hide from the Nazis, like Anne Frank and her family. A few were successful; most were not. Those that were captured suffered sterilization, forced resettlement, separation from family and friends, beatings, torture, starvation, and/or death. Learn more about the victims of Nazi cruelty, both the children and the adults.

Before the Nazis began their mass slaughter of Jews, they created a number of laws that separated Jews from society. Especially potent was the law that forced all Jews to wear a yellow star upon their clothing. The Nazis also made laws that made it illegal for Jews to sit or eat in certain places and placed a boycott on Jewish-owned stores. Learn more about the persecution of Jews before the death camps.

Many people ask, "Why didn't the Jews fight back?" Well, they did. With limited weapons and at a severe disadvantage, they found creative ways to subvert the Nazi system. They worked with partisans in the forests, fought to the last man in the Warsaw Ghetto, revolted at the Sobibor death camp, and blew up gas chambers at Auschwitz. Learn more about the resistance, both by Jews and non-Jews, to the Nazis.

The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, were the perpetrators of the Holocaust. They used their belief in Lebensraum as the excuse for their territorial conquest and subjugation of people they categorized as "Untermenschen" (inferior people). Find out more about Hitler, the swastika, the Nazis, and what happened to them after the war.

For many people, history is a difficult thing to understand without a place or an item to connect it with. Thankfully, there are a number of museums that focus solely on collecting and displaying artifacts about the Holocaust. There are also a number of memorials, located around the world, that are dedicated to never forgetting the Holocaust or its victims.

Since the end of the Holocaust, succeeding generations have striven to understand how such a horrific event as the Holocaust could have taken place. How could people be "so evil"? In an attempt to explore the topic, you might consider reading some books or watching films about the Holocaust. Hopefully these reviews will help you decide where to begin.

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The Holocaust - Comprehensive Resources About the Holocaust

An alternative perspective on global anti-Semitism …

Posted By on May 12, 2015

lmost 800 people will be participating in the Global Forum on anti-Semitism which opens this evening in Jerusalem. Sponsored by the Prime Ministers Office, this is by far the largest such gathering which has taken place in recent years. There is almost no Jewish community or institution which will not have a representative at the event. The government, along with some private Jewish sponsors has poured substantial resources into making the conference happen as the concern with growing anti-Semitism around the world has been pushed to the top of the global Jewish agenda.

Todays anti-Semitism is more complex than that of 30 years ago. In the past it was fairly easy to identify most of the worlds anti-Semitic groups as right-wing, racist organizations with quasi-fascist and anti-immigrant beliefs. Anti-Semitism was characterized by racial slurs, attacks on Jews making their way to and from synagogue and the desecration of graveyards. But in the decades immediately following the Holocaust, the protection afforded to Jewish communities by Western governments and police forces on the one hand, and on the other the escape hatch to Israel for those who desired to leave behind any form of discrimination, caused the problem to diminish significantly.

It never went away altogether, but there was an obvious global guilt at what had been perpetrated upon the Jews during World War II, coupled with a greater international awareness of human rights and the dignity of the individual, regardless of his or her ethnic or religious affiliations.

The past two decades have seen a growth of renewed anti-Semitic activity among groups which previously had not, at least openly, been involved in anti-Jewish polemic. This includes two contrasting groups parts of the intellectual Left who often fail to differentiate between criticism of Israel and criticism of Jews, and some Islamic groups, whose hatred and delegitimization of Israel has directly resulted in attacks on Jewish organizations, synagogues and students on university campuses.

But this does not mean that all criticism of Israel can be immediately understood as raw anti-Semitism in its broadest sense. There is no doubt that the borders between criticism of Israel and criticism of Jews have become harder to delineate, as the two merge into each other. Many groups critical of Israel have, by not enabling a proper debate to take place about Israels policies, opened the back door for the worlds anti-Semites to walk in, despite their arguments to the contrary that they themselves are not anti-Semitic and that they stand up for the rights of all minorities. They only have themselves to blame if they have not done enough to ensure a balanced debate about Israel and its automatic association with Jews everywhere.

THERE IS nothing like the cry of anti-Semitism to bring so many community machers together. For many, It has always been easier to identify with each other through the lowest common denominator, namely threat and persecution, than it has been to bring such a diverse and large group of Jews together around positive values of culture and education.

The last time there was such a collective Jewish effort focused on a single cause was the struggle for Soviet Jewry during the 1970s and 1980s. This was a cause ostensibly led by the Diaspora communities, especially in Europe, although Israel and the Jewish Agency were very active behind the scenes. But they did not want the struggle to be seen as an Israeli campaign, as that would be (and in some cases was) interpreted by the Soviets as being akin to espionage on the part of the refuseniks, enabling the authorities to take even stronger measures than they already were.

The struggle on behalf of Soviet Jewry became a global Jewish industry, much in the same way that the contemporary fight against anti-Semitism has become a must for anyone, especially community leaders, who desires to prove their worth and loyalty. But the Soviet Jewry campaign was not manipulated in the same way that the present anti-Semitism campaign is used, on some occasions, to blur the lines between legitimate criticism of Israel by many groups who do not see themselves as being anti-Jewish, and outright anti-Semitism. The use of the anti-Semitism argument has become a sort of knee-jerk reaction whenever any criticism of Israel is heard and can be self-defeating when it then totally alienates those groups with whom it is possible to engage and dialogue.

This weeks impressive conference has defined the enemy in advance. There will not be any serious internal debate about the fine line to be drawn between crude anti-Semitism and criticism of Israel. Statistics which document the worrying rise in the number of anti-Semitic incidents throughout the world, especially in Western Europe and North America, will be presented, groups critical of Israel (including left-wing groups who will be labeled as self hating Jews in an effort to delegitimize and exclude them from the debate altogether) will be castigated, BDS and boycott activities will be defined as anti-Semitic, and no doubt here will be calls from some high-level Israeli participants who have little or no understanding of the Diaspora for Jews everywhere to immediately get up and leave their homes and come to the only safe haven for the Jewish people the State of Israel before the onset of the next Holocaust.

Fundraising to combat anti-Semitic activities will be made a priority and there will be the opportunity to create new organizations and networks of Jewish leaders, supported by the Jewish Agency and partly funded by the Israeli government, to undertake a combination of security and hasbarah, or public diplomacy, activities.

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Diaspora | Judaism | Encyclopedia Britannica

Posted By on May 12, 2015

Diaspora,( Greek: Dispersion)Hebrew Galut (Exile), the dispersion of Jews among the Gentiles after the Babylonian Exile; or the aggregate of Jews or Jewish communities scattered in exile outside Palestine or present-day Israel. Although the term refers to the physical dispersal of Jews throughout the world, it also carries religious, philosophical, political, and eschatological connotations, inasmuch as the Jews perceive a special relationship between the land of Israel and themselves. Interpretations of this relationship range from the messianic hope of traditional Judaism for the eventual ingathering of the exiles to the view of Reform Judaism that the dispersal of the Jews was providentially arranged by God to foster pure monotheism throughout the world.

The first significant Jewish Diaspora was the result of the Babylonian Exile of 586 bc. After the Babylonians conquered the Kingdom of Judah, part of the Jewish population was deported into slavery. Although Cyrus the Great, the Persian conqueror of Babylonia, permitted the Jews to return to their homeland in 538 bc, part of the Jewish community voluntarily remained behind.

The largest, most significant, and culturally most creative Jewish Diaspora in early Jewish history flourished in Alexandria, where, in the 1st century bc, 40 percent of the population was Jewish. Around the 1st century ad, an estimated 5,000,000 Jews lived outside Palestine, about four-fifths of them within the Roman Empire, but they looked to Palestine as the centre of their religious and cultural life. Diaspora Jews thus far outnumbered the Jews in Palestine even before the destruction of Jerusalem in ad 70. Thereafter, the chief centres of Judaism shifted from country to country (e.g., Babylonia, Persia, Spain, France, Germany, Poland, Russia, and the United States), and Jewish communities gradually adopted distinctive languages, rituals, and cultures, some submerging themselves in non-Jewish environments more completely than others. While some lived in peace, others became victims of violent anti-Semitism.

Jews hold widely divergent views about the role of Diaspora Jewry and the desirability and significance of maintaining a national identity. While the vast majority of Orthodox Jews support the Zionist movement (the return of Jews to Israel), some Orthodox Jews go so far as to oppose the modern nation of Israel as a godless and secular state, defying Gods will to send his Messiah at the time he has preordained.

According to the theory of shelilat ha-galut (denial of the exile), espoused by many Israelis, Jewish life and culture are doomed in the Diaspora because of assimilation and acculturation, and only those Jews who migrate to Israel have hope for continued existence as Jews. It should be noted that neither this position nor any other favourable to Israel holds that Israel is the fulfillment of the biblical prophecy regarding the coming of the messianic era.

Although Reform Jews still commonly maintain that the Diaspora in the United States and elsewhere is a valid expression of Gods will, the Central Conference of American Rabbis in 1937 officially abrogated the Pittsburgh Platform of 1885, which declared that Jews should no longer look forward to a return to Israel. This new policy actively encouraged Jews to support the establishment of a Jewish homeland. On the other hand, the American Council for Judaism, founded in 1943 but now moribund, declared that Jews are Jews in a religious sense only and any support given to a Jewish homeland in Palestine would be an act of disloyalty to their countries of residence.

Support for a national Jewish state was notably greater after the wholesale annihilation of Jews during World War II. Of the estimated 14 million Jews in the world today, about 4 million reside in Israel, about 4.5 million in the United States, and about 2.2 million in Russia, Ukraine, and other republics formerly of the Soviet Union.

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Diaspora | Judaism | Encyclopedia Britannica

West Bank village challenges Israeli planning policy in …

Posted By on May 12, 2015

It was a large house with three floors and freshly painted pale blue shutters that had just been built for a family of 17.

But within a few hours of work by a pair of Israeli bulldozers, all that was left was a mountain of rubble and twisted metal.

Like more than half of the homes in Ad Deirat-Rifaiyya a village of 1,800 residents on a windswept hillside in the southern West Bank the house was built on land owned by the villagers but without Israels approval.

Left without a roof over their heads and unwilling to try building again, the family moved away to rented accommodation in a nearby town.

It is a scenario that Palestinians say plays out hundreds of times a year across part of the West Bank, where Israel has been accused of making it all-but-impossible for Palestinians to obtain building permits.

The result is wide-scale illegal construction, which is then demolished by Israel in a policy that has drawn widespread condemnation.

The question of Israels iron grip on all planning matters in what is known as Area C which covers more than 60 percent of the West Bank is now being debated by the Israeli Supreme Court.

Palestinian women walk in a field on April 21, 2015 in the West Bank village of Ad-Deirat Rifaiyya, where more than half of the homes are built on land owned by the villagers but without Israels approval leaving them under threat of demolition by Israeli bulldozers. (Photo credit: Hazem Bader/AFP)

In a landmark appeal, Ad-Deirat village, Israeli NGO Rabbis for Human Rights and three other organizations are demanding the state end its discriminatory housing policies and return local planning rights to Palestinians.

Giving Palestinians control over their own planning would curb the need for illegal building, thereby halting house demolitions, say the petitioners, who have made their case before the Supreme Court and are now waiting for a final ruling.

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The Holocaust – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Posted By on May 12, 2015

The Holocaust (from the Greek holkaustos: hlos, "whole" and kausts, "burnt"),[2] also known as the Shoah (Hebrew: , HaShoah, "the catastrophe"), was a genocide in which approximately six million Jews were killed by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.[3] Some historians use a definition of the Holocaust that includes the additional five million non-Jewish victims of Nazi mass murders, bringing the total to approximately eleven million. Killings took place throughout Nazi Germany and German-occupied territories.[4]

From 1941 to 1945, Jews were targeted and methodically murdered in a genocide, one of the largest in history, and part of a broader aggregate of acts of oppression and killings of various ethnic and political groups in Europe by the Nazis.[5] Every arm of Germany's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics of the genocide, turning the Third Reich into "a genocidal state".[6] Non-Jewish victims of broader Nazi crimes include Gypsies, Poles, communists, homosexuals, Soviet POWs, and the mentally and physically disabled. In total, approximately 11 million people were killed, including approximately one million Jewish children.[7][8] Of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe before the Holocaust, approximately two-thirds were killed.[9] A network of about 42,500 facilities in Germany and German-occupied territories were used to concentrate, confine, and kill Jews and other victims.[10] Between 100,000 and 500,000 people were direct participants in the planning and execution of the Holocaust.[11]

The persecution and genocide were carried out in stages. Initially the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, most prominently the Nuremberg Laws of 1935. A network of concentration camps was established starting in 1933 and ghettos were established following the outbreak of World War II in 1939. In 1941, as Germany conquered new territory in eastern Europe, specialized paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen were used to murder around two million Jews and "partisans", often in mass shootings. By the end of 1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight train to specially built extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. The campaign of murder continued until the end of World War II in Europe in AprilMay 1945.

Jewish armed resistance to the Nazis occurred throughout the Holocaust. One notable example was the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943, when thousands of poorly armed Jewish fighters held the SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20,000 to 30,000 Jewish partisans actively fought the Nazis and their collaborators in Eastern Europe.[12][13]French Jews were also highly active in the French Resistance, which conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. In total, there were over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings.[14]

The term holocaust comes from the Greek word holkauston, referring to an animal sacrifice offered to a god in which the whole (olos) animal is completely burnt (kaustos).[15]

Writing in Latin, Richard of Devizes, a 12th-century monk, was the first recorded chronicler to use the term "holocaustum" in Britain.[16] Sir Thomas Browne employed the word "holocaust" in his philosophical Discourse Urn Burial in 1658[17] and for centuries, the word was used generally in English to denote great massacres. Since the 1960s, the term has come to be used by scholars and popular writers to refer specifically to the Nazi genocide of Jews.[18] The television mini-series Holocaust is credited with introducing the term into common parlance after 1978.[19]

The biblical word shoah (; also transliterated sho'ah and shoa), meaning "calamity", became the standard Hebrew term for the Holocaust as early as the 1940s, especially in Europe and Israel.[20]Shoah is preferred by some Jews for several reasons, including the theologically offensive nature of the word "holocaust", which they take to refer to the Greek pagan custom.[21]

The Nazis used a euphemistic phrase, the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question" (German: Endlsung der Judenfrage), and the phrase "Final Solution" has been widely used as a term for the genocide of the Jews.

Every arm of Germany's bureaucracy was involved in the logistics that led to the genocides, turning the Third Reich into what one Holocaust scholar, Michael Berenbaum, has called "a genocidal state".[6]

Every arm of the country's sophisticated bureaucracy was involved in the killing process. Parish churches and the Interior Ministry supplied birth records showing who was Jewish; the Post Office delivered the deportation and denaturalization orders; the Finance Ministry confiscated Jewish property; German firms fired Jewish workers and disenfranchised Jewish stockholders.

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The Holocaust - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Leo Frank Case Research Library Information on the …

Posted By on May 12, 2015

Decoding Anti-Gentilism and Loxism of the Leo Frank Case

Upon the centennial of Mary Phagans rape, strangulation and mutilation long ago on April 26, 1913, two pioneering spirits: Carolyn Yeager and Hadding Scott, debunk some of the major themes of anti-Gentile racism and racist Jewish hatecrime hoaxes concerning the Leo Frank case, that were manufactured by the well organized Jewish community beginning in 1913 and continue to this very day.

Since 1913, through every kind of outreach and sensory medium available to the mainstream media (articles, books, movies, music, theater, drama etc..), Jews have been using the Leo Frank case to wage a vicious guilt and shaming culturewar against White Americans via Jewish multifront genetic racewars against Western Civilization. However, the good news is that this monumental and disingenuous Jewish fraud, spanning more than 100 years, has finally been deconstructed, thanks to numerous researchers who have worked tirelessly over the past few years to bring the frank truth to everyone about what really happened in 1913. Five years ago if you did research on the Internet about Leo Frank the only sources that would come up allege anti-Gentile conspiracies of Jewish race prejudice and unfair trials, now there is finally some balance for people to read both sides of the case.

The next 100 years must and will be devoted to educating the human race about the innate nature of the Jewish pathological tendencies to compulsively lie and falsify history. By giving students and educators access to the primary sources of the Leo Frank Case, all of humanity can fact check the claims of Jewish falsification of their history and ours. Students will learn about how the collective Jewish genetic algorithm produces high-intelligent, high-functioning, pathological liars and paranoiacs with obsessive-compulsive fragile egos requiring history to be falsified to stroke their infantile racial-narcissism and perpetuate their disingenuous noble victimhood.

If you enjoyed this one hour radio program about the murder of Mary Phagan and ensuing Leo Frank case please visit Carolyn Yeagers website: http://www.CarolynYeager.Net

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The Leo Frank Case Research Library Information on the ...

Leo Frank Case | New Georgia Encyclopedia

Posted By on May 12, 2015

The Leo Frank case is one of the most notorious and highly publicized cases in the legal annals of Georgia. A Jewish man in Atlanta was placed on trial and convicted of raping and murdering a thirteen-year-old girl who worked for the National Pencil Company, which he managed. Before the lynching of Frank two years later, the case became known throughout the nation. The degree of anti-Semitism involved in Frank's conviction and subsequent lynching is difficult to assess, but it was enough of a factor to have inspired Jews, and others, throughout the country to protest the conviction of an innocent man. The Murder

OnApril 26, 1913, Mary Phagan, the child of tenant farmers who had moved to Atlanta for financial gain, went to the pencil factory to pick up her $1.20 pay for the twelve hours she had worked that week. Leo Frank, the superintendent of the factory, paid her. He was the last person to acknowledge having seen Phagan alive. In the middle of the night the factory watchman found her bruised and bloodied body in the cellar and called the police. The city was aghast when it heard the news. A young factory girl had been brutally murdered; rumors spread that she had been sexually assaulted before her death. The public demanded quick action and swift justice.

On the basis of this evidence Frank was arrested. The police thereafter collected more "evidence" before deciding to put Frank on trial. The state's main witness, Jim Conley, a black janitor who was arrested when he was seen washing red stains from a shirt, later gave at least four contradictory affidavits explaining how he had helped Frank dispose of the body.

Atlantans hoped for a conviction. They surrounded the courthouse, cheered the prosecutor as he entered and exited the building each day, and celebrated wildly when the jurors, after twenty-five days of trial, found Frank guilty.

Within weeks of the trial's outcome in early September, friends of Frank sought assistance from northern Jews, including constitutional lawyer Louis Marshall of the American Jewish Committee. Marshall gave advice about what information to include in the appeal, but Frank's Georgia attorneys ignored his counsel. Frank's lawyers filed three successive appeals to the Georgia Supreme Court and two more to the U.S. Supreme Court, all on such procedural issues as Frank's absence when the verdict was rendered and the excessive amount of public influence placed on the jury. Ultimately the U.S. Supreme Court, still on procedural grounds, overturned Frank's appeals; however, a minority of two, Oliver Wendell Holmes and Charles Evans Hughes, dissented. They noted that the trial was conducted in an atmosphere of public hostility: "Mob law does not become due process of law by securing the assent of a terrorized jury."

Slaton reviewed more than 10,000 pages of documents, visited the pencil factory where the murder had taken place, and finally decided that Frank was innocent. He commuted the sentence, however, to life imprisonment, assuming that Frank's innocence would eventually be fully established and he would be set free.

Slaton's decision enraged much of the Georgia populace, leading to riots throughout Atlanta, as well as a march to the governor's mansion by some of his more virulent opponents. The governor declared martial law and called out the National Guard. When Slaton's term as governor ended a few days later, police escorted him to the railroad station, where he and his wife boarded a train and left the state, not to return for a decade.

The Frank case not only was a miscarriage of justice but also symbolized many of the South's fears at that time. Workers resented being exploited by northern factory owners who had come south to reorganize a declining agrarian economy. Frank's Jewish identity compounded southern resentment toward him, as latent anti-Semitic sentiments, inflamed by Tom Watson, became more pronounced. Editorials and commentaries in newspapers all over the United States supporting a new trial for Frank and/or claiming his innocence reinforced the beliefs of many outraged Georgians, who saw in them the attempt of Jews to use their money and influence to undermine justice.

In 1986 the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles pardoned Frank, stating:

Without attempting to address the question of guilt or innocence, and in recognition of the State's failure to protect the person of Leo M. Frank and thereby preserve his opportunity for continued legal appeal of his conviction, and in recognition of the State's failure to bring his killers to justice, and as an effort to heal old wounds, the State Board of Pardons and Paroles, in compliance with its Constitutional and statutory authority, hereby grants to Leo M. Frank a Pardon.

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Leo Frank Case | New Georgia Encyclopedia


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