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Four Jewish facts for the 4th of July – Forward

Posted By on July 5, 2020

This Saturday, American Jews will light candles for havdalah and of fireworks for the Fourth of July.

Most American Jews trace their roots to immigration booms in the late 19th or early 20th century. But when the Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776, there was already a significant Jewish presence in the nascent United States. Many were merchants or traders and, its important to acknowledge, some owned or profited from trading enslaved people. Jews went on to fight on both sides of the Revolutionary War.

However youre marking the holiday this year, here are some Jewish intersections with Independence Day to keep in mind.

Francis Salvador (1747- August 1, 1776)

The first Jew to die in the Revolutionary War was born into a prominent Ladino-speaking Sephardic family living in London. As an adult, Salvador left his wife and children behind to immigrate to Charleston, South Carolina in 1773, hoping to make his fortune as a planter in the American colonies. In order to do so, he bought 30 enslaved people upon arriving in the colonies; it was their labor that allowed him to become one of the regions prominent figures and, eventually, to get involved with the American cause.

Despite restrictions preventing Jews from holding office or voting, Salvador became the first Jew elected to the South Carolina General Assembly. He was killed by the British on August 1, 1776, during a skirmish on the South Carolina frontier border.

George Washingtons letter

In 1790, newly elected President George Washington wrote a 340-word letter to the congregants of Touro Synagogue in Newport, Rhode Island now considered the oldest standing synagogue in the United States. In this missive, Washington promised Jews equal rights and freedom from oppression for their religious beliefs:

May the children of the stock of Abraham who dwell in this land continue to merit and enjoy the good will of the other inhabitantswhile every one shall sit in safety under his own vine and fig tree and there shall be none to make him afraid.

Ironically, the synagogues namesake and first leader, Isaac Touro, was an avowed Loyalist. During the Revolutionary War, he fled the colonies to British-ruled Jamaica, where he lived out the rest of his life.

Captain America

Americas red,white and blue hero may not be Jewish nor is Chris Evans, who plays the buff movie version but Jack Kirby and Joe Simon, who created the comic, most definitely were.Brought to life in the 1940s, the first edition of the classic shows its protagonist punching Hitler in the jaw. Throughout the war, Captain America fought alongside the Allies, battling the Axis with his signature stars n stripes shield.

Operation Entebbe

On July 4, 1976, while the U.S. was celebrating its bicentennial with great pomp and circumstance, 100 Israeli commandos were landing at Entebbe Airport in Uganda. Their objective? To rescue passengers of Air France Flight 139, hijacked by two members of the Palestinian Liberation Front and two German members of the Revolutionary Cells.In an operation that lasted just 90 minutes, the commandos rescued 102 hostages, killing both hijackers, 45 Ugandan soldiers and three hostages in the process. Five of the commandos were wounded and Lt. Col. Yonah Netanyahu, brother of current Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, lost his life.

Irene Connelly contributed reporting.

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Four Jewish facts for the 4th of July - Forward

Uman mayor speaks against this year’s Hasidic pilgrimage over COVID-19 concerns – UNIAN

Posted By on July 5, 2020

Pilgrims could spark a coronavirus outbreak in town, mayor says.

mvs.gov.ua

The mayor of Uman, a Ukrainian town where Hasidic Jews flock every year to visit the tomb of Rebbe Nachman of Breslov, has spoken against this year's pilgrimage set to be held in September amid the uncertainty over the coronavirus spread developments.

"Every year about 30,000 pilgrims come to Uman to celebrate Rosh Hashanah. But this year, the coronavirus pandemic made adjustments to our life... It's a very difficult situation in the world and in Ukraine. In Uman, the situation is under control... But the arrival of a large number of foreigners from different countries could cause a coronavirus outbreak in our town," Mayor Oleksandr Tserbiy said in a video address he uploaded on Facebook.

He went on to express doubt that all pilgrims who would like to visit the town this year would have appropriate medical certificates with negative COVID-19 test results. Neither is the mayor sure visitors would actually undergo the required 14-day observation upon arrival and comply with all requirements of the adaptive quarantine Ukraine has introduced.

Read alsoUkraine's Health Minister comments on possibility of nationwide strict quarantine

"The government foresees the second wave of coronavirus in September. In the current situation, I stand against the arrival of pilgrims this year," the mayor emphasized.

However, he noted, Uman residents' opinion must be heard, so he suggested that people leave comments under his post and have their say on the matter.

Earlier in April, Israeli Ambassador to Ukraine Jol Lion has called on the Hasidim not to go on a pilgrimage to Uman amid the coronavirus pandemic.

Thousands of members of Hasidim come to Uman every year to visit the tomb of their spiritual leader, Rebbe Nachman of Breslov.

Rosh Hashanah in 2020 will begin on September 18 and will end September 20.

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Uman mayor speaks against this year's Hasidic pilgrimage over COVID-19 concerns - UNIAN

Unorthodox Star Shira Haas Talks Shaving Her Head and Emmy Buzz – Teen Vogue

Posted By on July 5, 2020

The following story contains slight spoilers for Unorthodox Season 1.

There are several scenes in Netflixs Unorthodox that will leave you speechlessand even more scenes that will leave you moved by Shira Haas powerhouse performance as Esther Esty Shapiro.

Shira has captivated audiences with her portrayal of Esty, a young Jewish woman born and raised in the Satmar Hasidic community in Williamsburg, Brooklyn who flees her arranged marriage to find freedom in Berlin, Germany.

Its an emotionally jam-packed role the 25-year-old Israeli actress acknowledges is quite a rarity. Its an amazing story and book that it's inspired by. Esty is such a rare character to play, Shira tells Teen Vogue. All of these emotional things and the range that she's going through. There aren't a lot of parts that are written like that. It's really a gift for an actress.

Based on Deborah Feldmans book Unorthodox: The Scandalous Rejection of My Hasidic Roots, the series closely follows the authors own life in Brooklyn and gives viewers a firsthand look at the deeply devout Orthodox Jew circle. The narrative bounces back and forth between Estys past life in Brooklyn and her current life in Berlin (which is where Esty and Deborahs stories diverge). While we witness her fall in love with a new city, make new friends, and develop her passion for music, we also see her past of being married off in Brooklyn living a life she so desperately wants to escape.

Unorthodox pulls back the veil of a very private community, oftentimes revealing some very uncomfortable and controversial subject matter. In flashbacks, 19-year-old Esty is unhappy in her arranged marriage to Yanky (Amit Rahav), a man she has only met a few times. She has trouble consummating her marriage due to vaginismus, thus making it difficult for them to start a family (nevermind the fact how little she knows about sex prior to her wedding night). She is pressured by her husband, his family, and the community to have a child immediately, as is expected of her. Esty learns she is pregnant right before Yanky asks for a divorce, which ultimately serves as the final straw.

The chemistry came naturally for Shira and Amit, who had been good friends for 10 years prior to filming, making it a bit more comfortable to shoot these difficult scenes. It felt so natural and funny and professional, she tells Teen Vogue. It was the best thing you can ask for.

In one of the many pivotal scenes of the series, Esty shaves her head, which is a traditional practice followed by some newly married women within the Orthodox Jewish community to highlight their modesty. Shira says she was surprised with a lot of things during her research for the role including the ritual. It made me question a lot about my place as a woman in the world People like Esty who feel like machines and feel like they cannot fulfill the only purpose that they need to do. I tried to approach this character and this project without judging. I think that's also what the TV series is trying to do. Not saying these are bad, but just showing the journey of a girl and the whole story.

While the rising star was scared to say goodbye to her long locks on the first day of filming, she was more excited to bring Esty to life. Its such a meaningful thingit's also for her emotional journey. I had no question about doing it.

Becoming Esty required months of research. In addition to learning Yiddish, Shira was tasked with learning piano and taking vocal lessons. In the final episode, we get to hear her vocals when she auditions at the music academy in hopes of securing a scholarship. Its a story about a woman finding her voice and in that scene, she's literally finding it, the actress says, adding the audition took a full day to film. Its kind of like the moment that she's becoming this powerful woman and knows she'll be OK. She knows she'll grow. She has a lot to go through and struggles, but she knows she can survive.

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Unorthodox Star Shira Haas Talks Shaving Her Head and Emmy Buzz - Teen Vogue

EDITORIAL: Were all for diversity, but what does it mean? – Times Herald-Record

Posted By on July 5, 2020

Times Herald-Record

If you want to inspire change, you need to know where you are, where you want to be and how you want to get there.

You also need to define you.

Orange County legislators this week decided that they want more diversity and have taken the first and important step of allocating $100,000 for a diversity intervention initiative. The original concept, proposed several years ago by Michael Amo, focused on potential conflicts concerning the Satmar Hasidic community of Kiryas Joel, much of which Amo represents. This week, at the urging of several Democratic legislators, they expanded the scope to include racial and ethnic conflicts.

So far, so good, sort of.

While the chairman of the Legislature has promised that there will be inclusion and oversight and input from all legislators, especially leadership as the proposal evolves, the county needs to do more, a lot more, and do it quickly.

It starts with communication. What exactly does the resolution that passed say? It was not posted on the county website and anybody hoping to at least read the minutes of the meeting is out of luck. In fact, the last official minutes posted on the Legislatures section of the site is from Jan. 6. Needless to say, a lot has happened since.

If they do nothing else over this holiday weekend, Orange County legislators need to make sure that the people they hope to engage in this effort know whats going on.

For those who like to say that the government should be run like a business, every course in Management 101 urges bosses to be SMART, to make sure that any plan is Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timebound.

Legislators need to be specific. Exactly what conflicts are they talking about and what would the resolution of those conflicts look like? How are they going to measure this, both the level of conflict that exists now and the level they hope to achieve?

Can they do it? That is not something they can answer on their own, making the need to communicate with those who live in the county, especially those who do not pay attention to legislative actions, urgent.

Are such goals realistic? A quick survey of the many angry posts on any Facebook entry regarding Kiryas Joel reveals the depth and breadth of the hostility that this initiative needs to deal with.

And finally, when is this going to start and end?

What we got this week from legislators were good intentions promoting diversity, dealing with conflicts with many details to be filled in later and more questions than answers.

Democrats on the Legislature want diversity training for all county employees, including elected officials, as well as a more diverse county workforce measured by real numbers. They want deputies from the county Sheriffs Office to be required to wear body cameras along with the creation of a community complaint commission to oversee grievances against corrections and sheriffs office staff.

Its a lot to take on, more than the majority can handle by itself. With help, they can do it, but that means including people in our diverse community and being SMART.

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EDITORIAL: Were all for diversity, but what does it mean? - Times Herald-Record

We are all a bunch of weirdos Q-&-A with Doug Gertner, the grateful Jewish Deadhead – Forward

Posted By on July 5, 2020

Doug Gertner was a typical suburban Ohio teen, uninspired by his Reform Jewish upbringing. With some money he received for confirmation, he bought his first Grateful Dead albums. That soon led to his attending his first show on a Sunday night, June 27, 1976 in Chicagos Auditorium Theatre.

That changed his life forever.

Gertner attended over 50 shows in 10 states. This week, Gertner gave a talk called Understanding the Jewish Deadhead Phenomenon, put on by the Boulder JCC. The talk, which featured Gertners musician friend Hal Aqua, was planned months ago and was supposed to be live, but the pandemic forced it online.

For years journalists and academics have explored the secret Jewish history of the Grateful Dead, Gertners made it his passion. Hes given the talk numerous times over the years, including at an academic conference in San Jose, a Jewish Deadhead retreat called Blues for Challah, and at a camp called Unleavened Dead. Besides studying the confluence of Judaism and the Dead, Gertner, aka The Grateful Dad, is a womens studies scholar and corporate culture trainer. He lives in Denver with his partner, and they have one adult child, now in college. Hes also a co-founder of the Dancing Moose Minyan and Havurah Ruach in Denver. This conversation has been edited and condensed for clarity.

The Forward: You say you began noticing connections between Judaism and the Grateful Dead from your very first show. How?.

Gertner: It was at the first show that I noticed myself doing these double-takes everywhere. I kept seeing these dark bearded stocky men who were Jerry Garcia [guitarist and leader of the band] look-alikes at shows, and it hit me after a handful of times that these arent Latinos, theyre Jewish guys, and whats the deal here? Then I started noticing how many Jews were in the Grateful Dead family.

The Forward: My mind was blown from the outset when you claimed the bands name, The Grateful Dead comes from a Hasidic folk tale; I had never heard that before.

Doug Gertner, aka The Grateful Dad

Gertner: Yes, such a story was first published in Warsaw in 1873. I have two books of Hasidic stories and each one has a story with the title: The Grateful Dead. Its the story of a traveler who pays his last penny to bury a body that no one was attending to. He gets into some peril, and is rescued by this amorphous presence who then reveals itself to be the spirit of the deceased who he had buried, and that spirit is The Grateful Dead. The story reflects the deeply-held Jewish value that declares the proper burial of the dead is a particularly important mitzvah. The way the band found it, according to the literature, is that they had an encyclopedia sitting around and someone randomly put their finger on a listing and the entry was The Grateful Dead.

The Forward: Its well-known that Jerry Garcias father is Spanish in origin, but I too have noticed that in certain photos of him as a young man, he couldnt look more Jewish.

Gertner: His parents were named Joseph and Ruth. He was named for [American Jewish composer] Jerome Kern. His first love and his first wife were Jewish. His moms lineage was Irish-Catholic but with his dad coming from Spain, he could very well come from a family who were conversos or crypto-Jews.

The Forward: You also draw a comparison between Jerry and the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Menachem Mendel Schneerson.

Image by JTA/Chavie Lieber

Jewish Grateful Dead fans celebrating the Havdalah during the Blues for Challah retreat at the Isabella Freedman Center in Falls Village, Conn., Dec. 1, 2012.

Gertner: If I say Jerry in a certain world, everyone knows who I mean. Same with The Rebbe. Theres this deification with both; many Lubavitchers thought the Rebbe was the messiah, right? They died roughly a year apart, and we saw what Jerrys death did to the Deadhead community. In the Lubavitch community, there was similar grief and confusion. People were at a total loss and in turmoil.

The Forward: You also say that Jews and Deadheads are both outsiders in their own way.

Gertner: Yes, at shows, Ive often thought, we are all a bunch of weirdos. We own it, and arent we lucky to have each other? In academic language, the Jew is historically the other. In both cases, were not mainstream.

The Forward: Youve no doubt heard many stories from people when you give this talk. Do you have a favorite?

Gertner: Ive never forgotten one guy telling me, If you saw my dad davening and what he did with his body and then you saw me dancing at shows, its the same movement. I embody my father, Im just davening differently than him.

We are all a bunch of weirdos Q-&-A with Doug Gertner, the grateful Jewish Deadhead

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We are all a bunch of weirdos Q-&-A with Doug Gertner, the grateful Jewish Deadhead - Forward

Ashkenazi: No annexation moves expected today – The Times of Israel

Posted By on July 5, 2020

As new surrogacy bill fails, minister vows to fix discriminatory law by end 2020

Justice Minister Avi Nissenkorn says he will work to pass a new surrogacy law that will not discriminate on the basis of religion, race, gender or sexual orientation.

In February, the High Court struck down the existing law, which blocked single men and homosexual couples from being able to have children via a surrogate.

In order to end this discrimination, an amendment to the surrogacy law must be advanced in a professional and responsible way and not via a private member bill, he writes on Twitter.

He says he will bring forward a proposal with the agreement of the government by the end of 2020.

The announcement comes moments before a bill by Yesh Atids Idan Roll with the same goal fails despite three members of the coalition Itzik Shmuli, Amir Ohana and Eitan Ginsburg crossing the aisle to support the opposition measure.

All three are openly gay.

Attempts in recent years to expand access to surrogacy to the LGBT community have faced vehement opposition from Haredi political parties, who form part of the ruling coalition.

The court ruling in February had set a deadline of March 1, 2021, for the Knesset to change the law, noting that the court would only step in and strike down the surrogacy limitations if the Knesset fails to do so.

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Ashkenazi: No annexation moves expected today - The Times of Israel

Annexation simmers, coronavirus rages and Netanyahus busy mulling an early election – Haaretz

Posted By on July 5, 2020

The silence with which July 1 passed, without the sovereign power annexing a single windblown West Bank hilltop and without the security cabinet holding even a symbolic meeting, was the epitome of an anticlimax. It wasnt the beating wings of history that were heard throughout the Middle East, but the desperate attempts of a duck trying to take off from a lake.

LISTEN: Bibi's bonanza, arresting activists and the death of God TVHaaretz

In January, when he arrogantly descended from the dais he shared with Donald Trump, Benjamin Netanyahu rushed to declare that a decision on applying sovereignty to parts of the West Bank would be brought to the cabinet that very Sunday. The settlers danced on the rocky hills of Samaria and in the streets of Washington. The harbingers of redemption blinded the national eyes.

But since then, nothing. Only the drawing of maps.

Avi Berkowitz, the young envoy sent by Trump and his son-in-law Jared Kushner (a child sent by a child, according to a senior Israeli official familiar with the ups and downs of annexation), arrived Saturday night and left Wednesday. He left behind a list of demands for significant diplomatic quid pro quos as Netanyahu put it in private conversations that Israel must give the Palestinians.

The U.S. administration isnt where it was in January. A diplomatic source described this to me as follows, riffing on the saying about the failures of Israeli-Palestinian negotiations: The maximum that Netanyahu thinks he can give, from a political standpoint, is currently less than the minimum the Americans are demanding.

The words Netanyahu and giving, as we all know, dont usually go together, despite the similarity of their Hebrew spellings (netinah for giving). The prime minister is the type who always insists on a free ride and then demands change from the driver at the last stop. Any concession like reclassifying part of Area C, the section of the West Bank assigned full Israeli control by the Oslo Accords, as Area B, where Israel retains security control but the Palestinians have civilian control would run into heavy resistance on the right.

For three years, Trumps people worked on their plan with Netanyahu and his people or alternatively, as some say, at Netanyahus direction. But almost six months after its unveiling, the plan has gone back to the drawing board, and perhaps onto the ash heap of history.

Trump gives his gifts capriciously, in spurts. Nobody in Jerusalem really knew when or why he would keep his promises, like moving the embassy to Jerusalem or withdrawing from the nuclear deal with Iran. In terms of timing, both of these came as a surprise. They also put him odds with most of his administration and, of course, werent preceded by any staff work.

Now, when hes trailing far behind Joe Biden in the polls and the coronavirus is battering the United States mercilessly including a significant worsening in red states that were supposed to be in Trumps pocket its hard to get hold of him to settle the annexation issue. The hills of Judea are crying out for tidings, but Trump Hill isnt answering.

Thats also what Netanyahu explains to people on the right who are pushing him to annex. The White Houses attention isnt focused on Israel, he says, but on the coronavirus, the economy, domestic problems, the U.S. elections and the flood tide against Trump in the polls. The momentum has been lost.

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Cabinet members from Netanyahus Likud party who are in regular contact with Bibi about their ministries affairs say that during their meetings, hes never the one to bring up the annexation issue. As one minister put it, If the media weren't preoccupied with the issue, I wouldnt even know there was such a thing.

Since the Americans left, the prime minister has sounded pessimistic and skeptical about the chances of annexation, Netanyahus interlocutors say. He still believes he can extract something significant from Washington, but the pitfalls are vast. Until he gets an answer from the Americans and who knows when that will be he wont do anything.

Roadside budget bomb

Netanyahu is keeping two balls in the air applying sovereignty and passing the state budget. Ostensibly, theres no connection between the two, but actually there is, big-time. If the first ball falls, hell use the second to try to break up the government and call a new election, while blaming the failure of annexation on Benny Gantzs Kahol Lavan party.

Gantz and his partner in the partys leadership, Foreign Minister Gabi Ashkenazi, will wear this disgrace proudly. Its exactly what the center-left bloc expects them to do. Not only is the prime minister holding discreet talks with the Americans, so are the defense and foreign ministers, and their influence has been felt in the talks with Berkowitz.

If Netanyahu nevertheless gets a green light from Washington to apply sovereignty anywhere, and he does so, he still has his second roadside bomb, the budget. The deadline for getting the budget through the Knesset is August 28, 100 days after the government was sworn in. Failure to pass it means the Knesset will automatically dissolve and an election will be held within three months, during which Netanyahu will head a caretaker government. If the government falls for any other reason, Gantz will head the caretaker government.

Holding an election in late November, when the seasonal flu and the coronavirus will both be running rampant and the hospitals will be overflowing, sounds insane. So an election would likely be postponed, and postponed again, and yet again. And during all that time, guess who would be prime minister?

Calling an election while simultaneously postponing it, a maneuver that would halt any political momentum that might threaten Netanyahu, fits Bibi the way tanning beds and carrot oil fit his favorite American president. Still, the Likud chief fears the unknown as he stands on the edge of the cliff of the coronavirus era and the economic crisis.

In a closed meeting this week, he was quoted as saying, My opponent in the election will be neither the opposition nor the remnants of Kahol Lavan. They dont worry me. The truly difficult opponent will be the coronavirus.

A Kahol Lavan minister told me this week that so far, Gantz has insisted on a two-year budget running through the end of 2021, as stipulated by the partys coalition agreement with Likud. But Im not convinced we wont ultimately be persuaded into the budget Netanyahu seeks, the minister added. Annexation is a disaster. A four-month budget isnt a disaster; its just silly. If we agree, well demand something in exchange.

What? I asked.

For instance, waiting to annex until after the U.S. presidential election in November.

In other words, never, I said.

Well see.

He regrets to inform you

Netanyahus weekly statement at the start of the cabinet meeting Sunday opened with an expression of regret. The timing of the Finance Committees discussion was wrong, the economic cripple said, referring to the Knesset panels decision to grant him special tax breaks. I regret this.

Veteran ministers exchanged stunned looks. The last time they remember their leader in a conciliatory mood after a weekend in the bosom of his family was, well, never.

That isnt the mood at the prime ministers residence. Forty-eight hours with his wife Sara and son Yair always stir up the anger and contentiousness. (When I needed him for something important, a former senior aide once said, I would wait at least until Tuesday, when hed be calmer.)

He apparently didnt brief Likud legislator Miki Zohar on the new tack. Zohar continued complaining this week about his boss miserably low income and the fact that the law doesnt let him moonlight.

Its not clear whether Zohar actually wants the prime minister to look for sidelines, but his statement was inaccurate. Even while in office, Netanyahu definitely received a nice income plus many other benefits, ranging from cigars to peak profits on dubious stock deals.

The next day, influenced by a Channel 12 poll showing a near 20 percent tumble in support for his handling of the coronavirus crisis, Netanyahu told Likud legislators he intends to focus more on the economy. But he didnt specify which economy he meant. The day after that, it once again became clear he meant his household economy.

The pretext, of course, was his corruption trial and Attorney General Avichai Mendelblit. An opinion submitted by the latter to the State Comptrollers Office, saying that Netanyahu couldnt accept a corrupt gift of 10 million shekels ($2.9 million) from a prosecution witness in his case, sparked a furious outburst from the prime ministers family. This was expressed in disturbed tweetstorms by him and his son.

News broadcasts Tuesday were once again full of heartrending stories about the collapsing unemployed and self-employed, about parents who cant put a hot supper on the table. At the very same time, Netanyahu was bombarding social media with a double-digit number of tweets in just a few hours, all consisting of smears and incitement against Mendelblit and lamentations over the millions denied him (though hes already a multimillionaire).

Exactly one week after his fatal error in the Finance Committee, he had already returned to his violent, egoistic element, despite the polls showing that even his fans want to hear something else. Theyd like to know how the worlds No. 1 country in dealing with the coronavirus has once again become a health catastrophe persona non grata in countries that are opening their borders to tourists. Theyd like to understand how hell get us out of the economic hole he created.

If not solutions, theyd at least like attempts. And if not concrete measures, then at least empathy.

And when he isnt preoccupied with his trial, hes busy with that crazy annexation. If it actually happens, even in a slimmed-down version, the aftermath is likely to deal another mortal blow to our collapsing economy, which is already on a ventilator and the verge of an induced coma.

Applying sovereignty wont provide work for a single unemployed person or prevent a single bankruptcy. But the settlers some of them will applaud him, and hell finally have a legacy that doesnt reek of corruption, incitement and hate-mongering.

Gantz sees the light

Gantz squeezed his way through that narrow crack this week, albeit with typical hesitancy and awkwardness. After five weeks of tiptoeing quietly and politely around Netanyahu, as if he were a British butler in the service of a cranky lord, he finally realized where he was living. And with whom.

His basic decency, willingness to cooperate and desire not to rock the boat so that the rotation of the prime ministers job wont fall from the deck gave way to a grasp of reality. And the situation isnt easy.

The penny dropped at the cabinet meeting, when Netanyahu prevented Gantz from saying a few alternative words to the media after the prime minister was through. After Gantz protested to Netanyahus chief of staff, Asher Hayoun, who got caught in the line of fire, Netanyahu growled, He can talk later, and shrugged his shoulders with contempt.

When Hayoun tried to salvage something from the situation, Gantz replied sardonically, Its okay, I understand, and put his face mask back on. His eyes strayed to some far-off point in the room as if he had seen the light.

He gets the picture. The fact that Netanyahu, the great champion of two-year budgets, is insisting on approving a new budget for just four months is a transparent maneuver to deprive Gantz of his turn as prime minister.

The Kahol Lavan chief now understands that the way the coalition agreement is implemented doesnt depend on him. Even more, he understands that his limp-wristed behavior has driven away more than half the voters who remained with him after his split with Yair Lapids Yesh Atid. He realizes that even the last remnants, the voters represented in the pathetic nine Knesset seats predicted by one recent poll, expect him through his actions but also through tough talking to justify his pretext for entering the government: tackling the coronavirus crisis.

Between attending to his in-box as defense minister and the thought that if he regularly serves pounds of flesh to the constantly hungry lion hell be able to succeed him on the savannah in November 2021, Gantz has grasped his mistakes. He had forgotten that he represents a bloc, something Netanyahu never forgets.

When journalists publish investigative reports, Netanyahu screams that theyre trying to topple the right-wing government. When an indictment is filed against him, he shrieks about a governmental coup. When decisions that dont suit him are made, he accuses the decision-maker of joining the left.

Gantz, in his new incarnation, is already running a kind of election campaign. If Netanyahu is heading toward an election, whether sooner or later, then fine, lets hold one right now.

Gantz leaked his statement to the American peace team that annexation should wait until after the virus has passed. He responded quickly to the political arrest of a retired general, Amir Haskel, during a protest, hinting that the government sought to limit the right to demonstrate.

He with Ashkenazi and Justice Minister Avi Nissenkorn came quickly to Mendelblits defense against Netanyahu. To confront Bibis mouthpieces and the attorney generals despisers in the media, they should also have highlighted Judge David Rozens report, which demolished all the tendentious, irresponsible media reports about Mendelblit.

Gantz is starting to talk about the economy and the coronavirus, the coronavirus and the economy. So are his ministers. Thats exactly what his base expects to hear.

Hes also doing something else. While one hand is disengaging from Netanyahus caresses and displaying signs of independent movement, the other pulled out a sword this week and brandished it in a different direction, at Lapid.

In a series of social media posts, Kahol Lavan attacked the Yesh Atid chairman no less brutally than the latter attacked his ex, Gantz, when Gantz joined forces with Netanyahu. Gantz knows very well where his precious lost Knesset seats have gone. But the question is, have they been lost forever? Apparently, the answer is yes.

After all, there are words but no initiatives, no actions, no clear direction. Theres no clear doctrine. He should learn from Naftali Bennett, whose right-wing Yamina alliance has soared in the polls, doubling its strength.

Health Minister Yuli Edelstein is buried in his ministrys affairs and in spats around the powerless coronavirus cabinets table. Finance Minister Yisrael Katz watches Netanyahu stealing credit for the few decisions Katz has made to benefit ordinary people, and he spends the rest of his time making his way through the angry demonstrators outside both his home and his office.

Meanwhile, the shadow minister for health and economic affairs alike Bennett is dogging them both. He is searing on TV and radio, has put out a flood of proposals and launched an economic journey among businesses around the country.

His seemingly authentic concern for the unemployed masses, the tens of thousands of closed businesses and the newly poor has made him the only representative of a collapsing, desperate constituency. Bennett has chosen two catchphrases making a living and bread. At a time of crisis, even a high-tech tycoon and sworn capitalist can build on a social-justice arsenal.

Bennett has been crafting plans for fighting the virus while also addressing the economic ills it has caused. Thats exactly what Gantz should have been doing from day one in the government.

So what happened, Benny decided to die on his feet? I asked one of his ministers.

Im not saying we wont die, he replied honestly. But hold off on the eulogies for a little while.

Sweat in August

Two presidents, one from an important, friendly country in Europe, and one from the Palestinian Authority, spoke over the past 10 days with Israeli officials. The first, a devoted fan of Israel, spoke with all his heart.

You want so much to be Europe, he told his interlocutor. You want to be a part of us in soccer and basketball, and Eurovision, of course. The trade between us is breaking records. You expect us to support your diplomatic war against Iran. You come to us with demands to back you at the UN, and what dont you ask for? But when you take such a dramatic step, you dont even talk to us.

Speaking in a different tone and to a different person, Mahmoud Abbas mocked Netanyahus shows of self-promotion around the coronavirus. Your prime minister portrayed himself as a magician who beat the virus, he said. He claimed that world leaders were phoning him to learn how to fight the virus. If hes such a magician with 300 dead, what am I with five?

The death toll in Israel had hit 326 by midday Friday and 12 among the Palestinians in the West Bank. I have no idea what Abbas government has done in the past two months to prepare for the second wave, but no doubt the Israeli government vacillated, and the swapping of ministers and bureaucrats as well as a lack of coordination among the agencies fighting the virus created confusion.

The only clear voice throughout this period was that of the supreme leader raging against those bastard conspirators who concocted baseless indictments under leftist pressure, of course.

Israel hasnt created an effective testing system for breaking the chain of infection. It hasnt improved its system of epidemiological investigations. It hasnt prepared a plan as it would for a war. It hasnt recruited thousands of students and taught them how to examine patients. It hasnt backed up the labs.

The success of the first phase of the crisis was rightfully attributed to Netanyahu and the painful failure now. I directed the biological institute to find a vaccine, the prime minister announced. I ordered them to cut the time for receiving test results to 12 hours, he declared. I agreed with Cyprus and Greece to renew flights on August 1, he informed us.

Maybe one day historians will write about the vaccine developed in record time thanks to him, of the speedy tests that broke the chain of infection, of the hundreds of thousands of Israelis who chilled out abroad in the summer of 2020. Until then, well be counting the thousands of new patients, and well be sweating in the Israeli furnace that is August. All of us together, without exception.

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Annexation simmers, coronavirus rages and Netanyahus busy mulling an early election - Haaretz

Israel heading into annexation abyss without a safety net analysis – The Jerusalem Post

Posted By on July 5, 2020

Foreign Minister Gabi Ashkenazi (Blue and White) woke up on Wednesday morning unclear if the day would end with a dramatic announcement with regard to Israeli annexation of portions of the West Bank.He was blunt about his lack of information when Army Radio quizzed him about what to expect over the coming 12 hours.Could there be a declaration of sovereignty, the radio interviewer asked.I dont know, Ashkenazi replied. You should ask [Prime Minister Benjamin] Netanyahu.But you are Israels foreign minister, doesnt he update you? the startled radio interviewer asked.It was the perfect metaphor for the day, which had the potential to unfold as a significant crossroad moment in the history of the nation, as Israel embarked on a process of expanding its sovereign boundaries for only the fourth time in its history.British Prime Minister Boris Johnson was so concerned that he published a Hebrew-language opinion piece in one of Israels leading papers, warning against the move.But Netanyahu, renowned the world over for his superior oratory skills, could only muster a brief statement in which he explained that talks were ongoing.Just in case one wondered if there was a prepared and coordinated behind-the-scenes plan, a public conversation in the Knesset State Control Committee showed otherwise, as representatives of different ministries and offices explained that they have not been properly briefed or were not in the conversation at all.Among those who have not been brought into the debate is the Justice Ministry, whose work would be critical to the issue of transforming a territory now under Israeli military and civilian rule into one that was legally bound to Israeli law.Effectively, at least 430,000 Israelis have to disengage from one legal system and engage in another. According to some legal experts, the moment that Netanyahu brings the issue of sovereignty to a vote, its application is immediate and all military laws would be annulled. Yet the Justice Ministry has not been in conversation with the National Security Council on the matter.Its not as if the idea of annexing portions of the West Bank rattled across Israel like some surprise summer shower.Back in September, Netanyahu promised to annex the Jordan Valley and the northern Dead Sea as soon as his new government was formed. At the time, Netanyahu would have had every reason to believe that he would have to act on the matter within a few months. After all, he spoke just days before Israelis headed to the polls. Netanyahu could not have known that he would fail to form a coalition and be forced by circumstance to delay his promise as Israel faced yet another election.One would have liked to imagine that he already had a program in place and if not, that he had started to quickly work on one.But it is endemic to Israels culture, a country that lives in a permanent state of emergency, to act first and work through the consequences later. In so doing, it tends to dumb down complex situations, glossing over their difficulties, relying on a series of miracles and band-aid cures to ensure that it all comes out right in the end.IN THE days leading up to the 2005 withdrawal from Gaza, left-wing politicians tended to proclaim that settlers could be evacuated with ease and that it was only right-wing obstinacy to that necessary act that had gummied up the works. They made it sound as if all that needed to happen was for a truck to drive up to settler homes, pick up their belongings and then drive them to a comparable home within the Green Line.In a way, they were not wrong. Once the IDF was ready to act, it pulled the Gaza residents out of their homes and leveling 21 communities within just over a week. Turns out, it takes very little for a bulldozer to reduce three decades of ones life to rubble.Settlers were also correct, however, when they said the government had no plan for the day after.It took less than an hour to drive them into sovereign Israel and anywhere from five to 10 years to relocate them. It was a process filled with unimagined small bureaucratic hurdles that somehow became impenetrable mountains.Their evacuations did not halt talks of further endeavors, but no one since has made the mistake of imaging that the process would happen with ease.Annexation is likely to be the same way in reverse, its declaration will happen quickly and the untangling of how it operates will become a seat-of-the-pants operation.So how is that Israel arrived at the moment with no preparatory time? The answer is that not unlike a war, a pandemic or a blizzard, circumstances have forced Israel into action even though its unprepared.The July 1 date was likely placed in the coalition document not because Israel planned to be prepared, but because it thought it might be forced to act as early as July 1.At issue for Israel are two sets of circumstances. The first is the International Criminal Court, which could soon issue a ruling that it has the jurisdiction to try Israelis for war crimes. Included in that would be settlement activity. There would be no better response for Israel to that action than to immediately declare sovereignty.After that, the US elections loom. Israelis calculate that it is risky to presume a Trump victory and presumptive Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden is already known to oppose annexation. Even if Trump wins, they fear that he will be less responsive to their concerns in the second term than the first.After that, the COVID-19 pandemic offers them a unique opportunity to act while goal attention is largely preoccupied with other things.In talking to Army Radio Wednesday morning, Ashkenazi said, We are not standing with a stopwatch, there is nothing holy about this date.But there is significance to this summer. Despite the analysis of skeptics that the passage of July 1 without action means that this endeavor was never serious, Israeli has already tipped over the edge of no-return.The situation is made more complex, of course, due to disagreements between Israel and the US, as well as between Netanyahu and Alternate Prime Minister Benny Gantz.But the only thing that Israel really showed on Wednesday is that when it comes to annexation, its going to be a bumpy ride.

Excerpt from:

Israel heading into annexation abyss without a safety net analysis - The Jerusalem Post

‘The Palestinians got screwed. They are now a non-issue around the world’ – Haaretz

Posted By on July 5, 2020

Former Shin Bet security service chief Carmi Gillon doesnt mince words when describing the destruction he believes Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is wreaking in Israel.

But theres a positive surprise, even though he thinks Netanyahu is the reason for all the awful things happening here, in every sphere.

The fact that Bibi Netanyahu is a coward and doesnt make critical decisions in every situation, Hamas, Iran is sometimes for the good; for example, his ability to absorb damage from Gaza, says Gillon, who headed the Shin Bet in 1995 and 1996.

He gets an onslaught of missiles and everybody pressures him to take Gaza apart, and he doesnt allow it not because hes less of a populist than they are. He doesnt allow it because hes afraid to make tough decisions, says Gillon, who was one of the interviewees in the acclaimed 2012 documentary The Gatekeepers.

So according to this approach he wont do an annexation in the West Bank, either.

In my view, no. It will end with some kind of connecting of Maaleh Adumim to Jerusalem.

Gillon, who in the more distant past headed the Shin Bets so-called Jewish division, in the 80s arrested the members of the Jewish underground who attacked Palestinians and planned to blow up the Dome of the Rock. In recent years he served as chairman of cyber-risk-management company Cytegic, which in May was acquired by MasterCard.

Gillon has devoted his life to researching the Gush Emunim settler movement and the messianic right in Israel. This year he published the Hebrew-language thriller Vicious Messiah, co-written with journalist and author Yosef Shavit. In the novels dystopian scenario, a Jewish underground organization stokes terror and destruction in Israel.

The religious and ideological right has certainly inflicted a huge blow on him; the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin on his watch is a wound he doesnt even try to show he has overcome.

I didnt think that someone from Gush Emumin would assassinate a Jew. I was wrong, he says. Maybe Yigal Amir wasnt a card-carrying member of Gush Emunim, but Gush Emunim is a concept, its the ideological place.

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Like most former top security officials, Gillon has become a great opponent of the occupation and annexation. He says he always held that view, like most senior people in the Shin Bet. Still, it amuses him when he and his friends are called leftists.

Im the biggest Rabinist there could be, he says. Rabin was the hawk of hawks and wasnt a coward, but he also did things that Bibi would never in his life authorize.

After 53 years, its not an exaggeration to suppose that the struggle against the occupation hasnt succeeded. Were there things that could have been done differently?

Ill tell you what should have been done. The occupation should have been ended. The occupation is the mother of all evils.

Carmi, let me remind you that youre the Shin Bet, which does the dirtiest work of the occupation. The Shin Bet wields the most rigorous pressure methods possible against the Palestinians. It exploits situations of illness, of closeted gay men.

Absolutely. Its all tactical. The Shin Bet fights terrorism, and against that it uses all means. You may think Im a nice guy, but Im the guy who put a cellphone to the head of the Engineer, he says, referring to the 1996 assassination of Hamas chief bomb maker, Yahya Ayyash, via a booby-trapped cellphone.

But all the Shin Bet directors down through history have opposed the occupation. They fought terrorism and opposed the occupation.

Trump understands, Obama didnt

Netanyahus annexation initiative is absurd and totally against the interests of all the parties, Gillon says. The status quo is good for Israel because Israel gets all it wants without paying a price. I was a full partner as an intelligence officer to the Oslo Accords. No one talked in terms of peace outside the room.

Peace is something that was sold to the masses, a kind of opium. In the room the talk was about vested interests, which, by the way, is exactly the method of Trumps team. Israel came out of the Oslo Accords with a security agreement that served it extraordinarily well against terrorism, and with economic agreements.

Gillon also notes the interests of the Palestinian side regarding the accords, both the economic ones and the service of Israel against the political threat to Abu Mazen, namely Hamas, he says, using the nickname of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas.

But he adds: The Palestinians got screwed because the Palestinian question is a non-issue around the world. The Western world is now occupied with two subjects: migration and the coronavirus. Who is interested in this fakakta Palestinian issue? Gillon asks, using a Yiddish word basically meaning screwed-up.

In parallel, the same process occurred in the moderate Arab states, of which there were increasingly more. Whos better as an ally against Iran than Israel? Its true that no Arab state will sign an agreement with Israel without going through Ramallah. But in practice, a new axis is developing here that consists entirely of vested interests, he says.

Thats what Trump understood excellently and what Obama, who took a beating with the dumb Arab Spring, didnt understand. Trump at least is reading reality, even if I dont agree with the content of his plan, certainly not annexation and transfer, he adds, referring to population transfer.

You deal a lot with the messianism of the right wing, but as a security person you cant ignore the security risk that would be posed by the establishment of a Palestinian state in the West Bank certainly in light of the Gaza experience.

We need to learn from the mistake we made in the Gaza Strip and not make it in the West Bank. The West Bank has maintained coexistence with us since the second intifada. There have always been terrorist attacks here and there. But theres a status quo that serves both sides. The Palestinian Authority wont fire missiles at Israel, because it has no interest in doing that. Just as its not doing so now.

If the status quo is so successful, why establish a Palestinian state?

Because theres existing damage as a result of the occupation, and it will only go on and get worse.

In the current situation, isnt annexation and granting citizenship to the Palestinians a more feasible solution?

Possibly, but then demographic questions arise, of course. Its not worth it for Israel. Why do we need to make the Jews a minority in a state of all its citizens? There are people who support that, but theyre a minority of a minority. I think the absolute majority wants a Jewish democratic state.

Can Jewish and democratic coexist?

In my opinion, no. Fundamentally, they cant cohabit. With time, Israel should have been a democratic state, but the process that started in 1948 with the Declaration of Independence simply stopped midway. No one could have expected an ideological and religious right wing to come to power.

Which do you prefer: a Jewish or a democratic state?

I prefer democratic. I want absolute freedom of religion here. Do I think that it should continue to be called a democratic Jewish state? Yes, because this country has another mission, namely the Jewish people in the Diaspora.

Then how does the democratic preference show itself?

In that I dont withhold citizenship from anyone who wants to come here and be a citizen, but I encourage Jews to come and be citizens here. That means theyll receive a different absorption basket.

Theres a conflict here that the founders thought would straighten itself out over time. If Israel had remained within the borders in which it was established, there would be a democratic state here without the need to say that its Jewish, and in which an Arab minority lives. The occupation changed the demography. We took responsibility for people who dont want us; we used tools and methods that corrupted us.

Do the Arabs in Israel want us?

Today, yes, because they enjoy the bonuses of democracy and are expressing themselves. They may be a deprived minority, but theyre not a persecuted one. The Joint List isnt an underground organization, its competing using the legitimate and legal tools that Israel gave it, including to Balad, though I dont understand how the High Court of Justice approved that party to run in general elections as part of the Joint List. But I have no problem with Ayman Odeh, the Joint List leader.

Will the occupation ever end?

I dont see a constellation like that today, unless theres a prime minister of the Arik Sharon type. Everyone talks about the disengagement from Gaza, but the more important thing that Arik Sharon did was the evacuation from northern Samaria. For the settlers, the settlement project in the Gaza Strip was a kind of excess baggage. Its not part of the patrimony.

Already in the 80s, Gillon talked about how the settlers were increasing their influence, how people he had kept under surveillance were turning up as welcome guests at the Prime Ministers Office.

He says that then-Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir knew we were listening in on people he was meeting with in his office. He knew we were going to arrest them. He didnt intervene in the least. Not only that, but after the arrest of the Jewish underground, Shamir called my unit the jewel in the crown.

Wouldnt that happen today?

Today? Come on.

Gillon describes the settlements as a dizzying success both politically and practically. As he puts it, If you read my book, the messianic ideas still exist but theres no need for them today, because the enterprise succeeded. Theyre mainstream, were the opposition. At that time the Jewish underground wanted to stop the Camp David Accords. What do they need to stop today?

Are the security forces afraid of the settlers?

I think theyre very cautious with them I dont understand how certain things are ignored, like attacks on Israeli soldiers. But its not only the army that displays a lenient approach, so do the Shin Bet, the police and above all the judicial system. Nobody is brought to trial. Incitement is an offense that has never been dealt with. The police had 60 complaints about incitement against Rabin, and not one of them was addressed by the judicial system.

Does the Shin Bet act in the same way toward Jewish and Arab terrorists?

It started to act in the same way with the Dawabsheh murder the 2015 arson attack led by a settler that killed three members of the Dawabsheh family: an 18-month-old and his parents. In my time there was no need for that, because Jews hadnt yet been briefed like Hamasniks on how to withstand an interrogation.

Whitewashed and not whitewashed

Gillon, who declares himself a veteran activist against Netanyahu, got involved in the struggle against the prime minister even before the corruption cases against him. His enmity for a person he knows from his childhood in Jerusalem can be attributed to the Rabin assassination in 1995.

Gillon still says he considers Netanyahu heavily responsible for the incitement that preceded the murder and for other encounters along the way.

Already when he launched an offensive against Netanyahu in 2015, following the start of the work on the so-called nation-state law, Gillon called Netanyahu an egomaniac. Today, too, as a signatory to the High Court petitions against Netanyahus fitness to serve as prime minister, Gillon is very clear.

I think Netanyahu is the reason for all the awful things happening here, in every sphere, Gillon says. Wherever he touches something, the sea burns. Hes inherently bad.

Gillon notes that hes currently watching the Danish television series Borgen and finds similarities to the situation in Israel. Yesterday I watched an episode thats the submarines affair from start to finish, he says, referring to the suspected corruption in Israels purchase of naval vessels from a German company. Only there, it was a stealth plane.

Do you think the submarines affair was whitewashed?

Whitewashed and not whitewashed. There are indictments, but in connection with Bibi its clear that it was totally whitewashed. Its the most serious case and its also a case that could have toppled Bibi.

He believes that the corruption indictments filed against Netanyahu by Attorney General Avichai Mendelblit are marginal in comparison, but were filed so that Mendelblit wouldnt be able to be accused of letting him escape trial. That doesnt stop Netanyahu from savaging him. In the end someone will shoot Mendelblit because of Netanyahus incitement.

You say the submarines affair is the most serious case of all and could have toppled Bibi. That confirms to some extent the claim by the other camp that you cant beat him at the ballot box, so you try to topple him judicially.

First of all, sometimes theres no choice. Netanyahu truly is corrupt and always has been. His stinginess has been a byword for years. He wouldnt pay for falafel.

Look, Im not a mass psychologist, but I think Menachem Begin was the first to discern that the Mizrahim felt very discriminated against, and he rode that wave. But they didnt feel deprived at a level where they thought they could be the rulers. The Pole with the Jabotinsky-like decorum, hes suited to be prime minister; we, the riffraff, have no one suitable among us. And Bibi is continuing that line.

According to Gillon, the wave Netanyahu rides is the hatred of Mapai, the forerunner of the Labor Party. He says this hatred trickles down from one generation to the next.

He adds that in the upscale Jerusalem suburb where he lives, Mevasseret Zion, two-thirds of the population are Ashkenazim or Mizrahim from a high socioeconomic class, and a third are [Jewish] Kurds and Moroccans who have lived there since the days of the transit camps. Ive lived in the Kastel section for 44 years, not in the new part. Most of my neighbors are Kurds. But when I ran for office there, it was immediately: The Ashkenazi guy is coming to rule us.

Maybe Netanyahus supporters notice a blind spot in you and people like you? Maybe they understand what you dont, so they back him so religiously.

They understand something and this might sound racist that has always existed in the cultures of the east, which is whats coming to me or whats coming to him, the ruler. In other words, the ruler sacrifices, as Sara says, his time and energy for the sake of his people, because if he wanted, he could do a thousand and one other things because hes so smart and talented. So hes allowed.

Gillon adds that former Prime Minister Ehud Olmert walked around with that same feeling. Its coming to me, I gave up a career as a lawyer.

Then why did the constituency that espouses that culture not think as highly of Olmert as it does of Netanyahu?

Because Olmert cant hold a candle to Bibi, he doesnt have his rhetorical abilities. Bibi is tremendously photogenic even though lately I cant bring myself to watch him on television. My wife turns off the TV whenever he comes on.

See the original post:

'The Palestinians got screwed. They are now a non-issue around the world' - Haaretz

Is it Permissible to Study Mishneh Torah as a Stand-Alone Work? – Mishneh Torah In-Depth, Article 1 – Introduction to Mishneh Torah – Chabad.org

Posted By on July 4, 2020

The Talmud in Tractate Sotah, asinterpreted by Rashi, makes a startling statement:

It was stated, one who readScripture and studied Mishnah, but did not serve Torah sages, he didnot spend time amongst the scholars in order to decipher the reasoning behindthe commandments. Rabbi Elazar says thathe is considered an ignoramus. Rabbi Shmuel bar Nachmeni says that he is a boor, an individual inferior to anignoramus.

Rashi comments:

Did not serve Torah sages: Hedid not study the Talmud, which explains the rationale of the Mishnah. Thisindividual is considered wicked, since his learning is not thorough. One mustnot study from such an individual, since it is specifically the reasoning [thatgives one the ability] to discern what is prohibited and what ispermitted . . . This person is considered bare.

What seems clear is that one mustnot study halachah in a vacuum. Theevolution and rationale of the law are not merely added elements; they areintegral to understanding the law itself. One who studies halachah in isolation will likely err.

Shortly after the completion ofMaimonides Mishneh Torah in 1180,Maimonides faced a wave of criticism on these very grounds. In creating aclear, systematic and comprehensive code of halachah,he seems to be in violation of the Talmud above. He specifically did not wantto confuse or distract his reader with the minutiae of discussion leading tothe final law. He included nothing more and nothing less than clear,straightforward law. As he articulates clearly in his introduction to Mishneh Torah:

I, Moses,the son of Maimon, of Spain . . . contemplated all these textsand sought to compose [a work which would include the conclusions] derived fromall these texts regarding the forbidden and the permitted, the impure and thepure, and the remainder of the Torah's laws, all in clear and concise terms, sothat the entire Oral Law could be organized in each person's mouth withoutquestions or objections.

Instead of[arguments], this one claiming such and another such, [this text will allowfor] clear and correct statements based on the judgments that result from allthe texts and explanations mentioned above . . .

A personwill not need another text at all with regard to any Jewish law. Rather, thistext will be a compilation of the entire Oral Law . . . a personshould first study the Written Law, and then study this text and comprehend theentire Oral Law from it, without having to study any other text between thetwo.

Maimonides' code, as pure,unadulterated law, is seemingly exactly what the Talmud cautioned against.According to Rashi's interpretation of the Talmud, Mishneh Torahwhen studied as intended by the authorwould do moreharm than good.

Indeed, this concern of the Talmud(as understood by Rashi) surfaced a generation later, as evidenced in theresponsa of Rabbeinu Asher, the Rosh. He was responding to a rabbiwho had written to him regarding a mikvahthat had been filled using a questionable technique.

The law is that water used to fill amikvah must be naturally flowing,either rainwater that falls directly into the mikvah or aspring that flows into the mikvah. Inthis case, a mikvah had beenconstructed alongside a spring. In order to fill it, water was added to thespring, causing it to overflow into the mikvah.

The rabbi writing to the Roshassumed that this mikveh was nowinvalid. He based this assumption on (amongst other sources) the followingstatement of Maimonides in Mishneh Torah:When one digs at the side of a spring, as long as the water emerges because ofthe spring, even though at times, its flow is interrupted, but then it flowsagain, it is considered as a spring (i.e., a kosher mikvah). If, however, it ceased flowing entirely, it is consideredas water collected in a pit.

The assumption of the questioningrabbi was that once the water pooled in the mikvah,it would be considered as if it had ceased flowing and therefore beclassified as water collected in a pit and invalid for use as a mikvah.

The Rosh rejects this, pointing outthat this extrapolation stems from a misunderstanding of Maimonides. Maimonides,explains the Rosh, is actually quoting a section of Tosefta. Seeing the full context of the quote precludes theunderstanding of the Roshs questioner.

The Tosefta is discussing the differences between various categories ofwater that may be used as a mikvah.One difference mentioned by the Tosefta isbetween water pooled in a pit and flowing rainwater. Both are kosher, but waterpooled in a pit is of an inferior level and has certain restrictions regardingits use.

With this context in mind, we canunderstand the error called out by the Rosh. When the water is actively flowingto and from the spring, it is considered to be an extension of the spring. If,however, the water pools in a pit, it is now considered pooled water (notflowing rainwater and not an extension of the spring). This is not to say the mikvah is invalid; it is simply aninferior category, but still a kosher mikvah.

Thus, we have clear, documentedevidence of the Talmuds concern: studying laws bereft of their context leadsto mistaken conclusions. This leads the Rosh to caution against deriving anylaw from the text of Mishneh Torah:

Therefore,all who decide law from the Mishneh Torah,without thorough knowledge of the background, are in error. They make what isforbidden permitted and what is permitted forbidden. This is because Maimonidesdid not follow the convention [established by] all other authors, who citeproofs and sources for their conclusions.

This begs the question, who iscorrect? Do we follow the advice of Maimonides in his introduction, where heencourages one to simply read the Written Torah and then move straight to his Mishneh Torah, or do we follow theopinion of the Rosh, who strongly opposed such an approach?

To demystify this, we must firstresolve an apparent difficulty in the Laws of Torah Study, from the Code ofJewish Law (Shulchan Aruch) by RabbiSchneur Zalman of Liadi.

Initially, he seems to side clearlywith the Rosh:

If one doesnot understand the reasoning behind the law, then he will not be able to fullycomprehend the law. He is called a boor.Therefore, there is a prohibition against deciding law, even for oneself,from halachot without the reasoningincluded [alongside.]

However, later in that same chapterhe encourages individuals who have mastered practical halachah, i.e, they are knowledgeable and fluent in halachah pertinent today, to dedicatetime to study areas of laws not applicable today, such as the laws of thesacrifices. And if, he adds, there is insufficient time to master these areasby first studying the Talmud and its commentaries, then one should study thebasic laws as articulated in the mishnayotand in Maimonides' Mishneh Torah.

Now, if we take into account whatwas quoted earlier, we seem to have a problem. Rabbi Schneur Zalman wrote thatif one does not study the reasoning behind the law, he will not be able tofully comprehend the law. He is called a boor.So what is the point? Why study in such a manner if the study is in vain due toa lack of understanding? Surely it would be preferable to study at a slowerpace while incorporating the background of the law, which would enable a properunderstanding?

The Lubavitcher Rebbe, in a talkcommemorating the passing of both Maimonides (on the 20th of Tevet) and ofRabbi Schneur Zalman of Liadi (on the 24th of Tevet), addressed this issue. Basedon a close analysis of the exact wording used by Rabbi Schneur Zalman, which isbased on the Sefer Mitzvot Hagadol, hedraws a distinction between two elements within the obligation to study andknow Torah (yediat haTorah). Oneelement of this obligation is to study the mitzvahs in order to acquire thepractical knowledge necessary to fulfill Torahs precepts correctly. A vastamount of knowledge is needed to properly navigate the complexities ofday-to-day halachah. This elementpertains only to the mitzvahs that have a practical application nowadays.

But there is a second element to themitzvah of yediat haTorah: one mustattain the ability to observe all613 mitzvahs in ones heart. One is obligated to acquire the knowledgenecessary to fulfill even mitzvahs that are not applicable nowadays, withoutthe Temple standing in Jerusalem.

With this distinction, we can betterunderstand why Rabbi Schneur Zalman advises that an individual study mishnayot and Mishneh Torah, even if these works do not articulate the reasoningbehind the law. True, such study is not advisable when it serves as the basefor the practical application of law. However, one is also obligated to knowTorah as it pertains to the mitzvahs that have no practical application today.For this study, it is reasonable that a lighter study course is followed, onethat enables the individual to cover all themitzvahs, albeit on a basic level. Since one is not studying to practicallyobserve these mitzvahs, this study is purely theoretical and we are notconcerned about any erroneous application of law.

Earlier, when Rabbi Schneur Zalmanchastised individuals who study the halachotwithout first exploring the relevant sources in the Talmud and itscommentaries, he was referring to a study that would lead to a practicalapplication of law. In such a case, the Roshs concern is valid; an incorrectruling may well be the result. However, when studying for knowledge alone, toobserve the mitzvahs in ones heart, it is preferable to cover allmitzvahsalbeit on a more basic levelthan to study a few in depth. For suchstudy, Mishneh Torah is ideal.

So while Maimonides failed toactualize the complete replacement of the evolutionary processes of halachah as he envisioned in hisintroduction, Mishneh Torah doesserve an extremely valuable purpose as a work to be studied independently. Itis the only comprehensive and approachable work that covers every single areaof halachah. Thus, it is the workfavored for providing a birds-eye view of all areas of Torah law, a keycomponent of the mitzvah to know Torah.

Learn about the Rebbes initiative encouraging all Jews to studyMishneh Torah dailly.

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Is it Permissible to Study Mishneh Torah as a Stand-Alone Work? - Mishneh Torah In-Depth, Article 1 - Introduction to Mishneh Torah - Chabad.org


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